Ask a Doc: The Dangers of Flesh-Eating Bacteria

Our beaches are part of what makes life on Boca Grande so special. Whether you’re walking the shoreline, collecting shells, or enjoying a dip in the Gulf, being close to the water is part of the rhythm of island life. But during the hot summer months — especially after heavy rains — certain harmful bacteria can become more active. One of them, Vibrio Vulnificus, has been making headlines again following a rise in infections across Florida, including a reported death in Lee County.

Bret Kueber, M.D., shares what you need to know about this fast-moving infection and the steps you can take to stay safe.

Should I be worried about Vibrio Vulnificus?

It is something to take seriously — especially if you have a chronic health condition or an open wound. Vibrio vulnificus is a naturally occurring bacterium that thrives in warm saltwater and brackish environments, particularly during the summer months and after storms.

The Florida Department of Health has reported 11 confirmed cases and 4 deaths so far in 2025, including one in Lee County. Several other Gulf Coast counties, including Manatee and Sarasota, have also confirmed cases this year. While rare, infections can escalate quickly and become life-threatening if not treated promptly.

By comparison, 2024 saw 82 cases and 19 deaths in Florida, the highest annual total in more than a decade, as a result of two major hurricanes.

How does someone get infected?

Infection can occur through an open wound exposed to contaminated water or by eating raw or undercooked shellfish, especially oysters.

Most people who come into contact with Vibrio Vulnificus won’t get sick. But those with diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease, or weakened immune systems are far more likely to become seriously ill. What starts as a small cut or stomach upset can escalate quickly — and in some cases, become life-threatening.

What are the signs of infection?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), bloodstream infections from Vibrio Vulnificus are fatal in about 1 in 5 cases — and can progress within just one or two days. Prompt treatment is critical.

If the bacteria enter through a wound, you might notice redness or swelling at the site, increasing pain, or skin breakdown, ulcers, or blisters.

If you’ve eaten contaminated shellfish, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.

How is Vibrio vulnificus treated?

The key is early intervention. If we suspect Vibrio Vulnificus, we will likely start antibiotics right away, often before lab results are even back. Early treatment reduces the risk of serious complications.

For wound infections, the affected area may need to be cleaned, drained, or surgically treated. In severe cases, especially when the infection spreads quickly, more aggressive care — including hospitalization or even amputation — may be necessary. That’s why it’s important to seek care at the first sign of a worsening wound.

Are people on Boca Grande at risk?

Boca Grande’s waters are not immune to risk, especially during hot summers or following storm-related flooding. The mix of warm seawater and inland runoff creates ideal conditions for bacteria to flourish. That doesn’t mean people need to avoid the beach entirely, but it does mean exercising caution is wise.

For most people, the risk is low. But if you’re over 65, immunocompromised, or managing a chronic illness, it’s smart to take a few extra precautions. And when water quality is uncertain — such as after storms — stick to the pool or walk the beach instead of going in.

How can I protect myself?

Here’s what I recommend:

If a wound becomes red, swollen, painful, or starts to spread after time at the beach, don’t wait. Seek medical care right away.

As always, the clinic is here to help if you have questions or concerns. When in doubt, don’t “wait and see what happens” – get checked by a doctor or nurse.

About the Author

Bret Kueber, M.D.

Dr. Kueber (pronounced KEE-brr) joined the Clinic full time in March 2022. A graduate of Case Western Reserve University’s School of Medicine, he completed his residency in Family Practice at the Cleveland Clinic. He is board certified in Family Medicine. As an avid sportsman, he has a special interest in sports medicine and is a […]